Electric-motor system.



No. 842,515. PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907.

G. BAEHR ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 17, 1904.

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PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907.

G. BAEHR. ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEM.

APAPLIOATIO'N FILED SEPT.17, 1904.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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WITNESSES,

w whw NW N UNITED sTATns PATENT GEORGE BAEHR, or MCKEESPORT, PENNSYLVANIA, ASS-IGN on To nATioNAL TUBE COMPANY, or PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION or NEW "JERSEY.

ELECTRIC-MOTOR SYSTEM.

Application filed September 17,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE BAEHR, a resident of McKeesport, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric-Motor. Systems; and I do hereby de- 'lation that the operator cannot drive the motor at diiierent speeds.

clare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof. i I My invention relates to electric-motor systems; and the object is to provide a system. for driving'a motor in reverse directions and at a greater speed in one direction than in the opposite direction, and which system is controlled by a simple lever-controller-that is, one having a movement back and forth in a single pl A further object ofthe invention is to apply a dynamic brake in a system of this character.

In many manufacturing plants it is the practice to drive the machinery by means of electric motors, and

with many machines or mec anisms it is desirable to drive the same in one direction at a certain speed and in the 0 posite direction at a higher speed. a so desirable that the reversing of such mo tors and change from one speed to another be controlled by means so simple in. its manipubecome confused and manipulate the same so. to drive the motor in the wrong directimi.

My invention'is intended to ecure the desirable object of driving a rot-visible motor at one speed in one direction and at another speed in another direction and to secure these movements by means of a lever-controller which is so simple that even a dull workman can manipulate the same with safety and without liability of confusing the necessary movements of the controller, and thus drive the inotor in the wrong direction.

Ileretotore motors have been driven from multiple-voltage circuits, ,a controlling device being employed to connect the motor to either one or another of said circuits, so as to As far as I am aware heretofore this has-only been means of a rotary or other .contro ler which must be brought to a number of dillicrent positions and by 0 crating means which does not move in a sing 0 line or plane. As a result ignorant workmen become confused with. reference to the movements of the controller and frequently manip- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 29, 1907.

1904. Serial No. 22-5893.

ulate the same to drive the motor in the wrong direction or at a wrong speed.

My invention is intended to overcome this, and it consists in the use in connection with a motor and a multiple-voltage circuit of a lever-controller having movement only in a single plane and having only two working positions, the arrangement being such that when the lever is moved to one position the motor will be connected to a circuit of one voltage and when the lever is moved to the opposite position the motor will be connected to a circuit of a different voltage and with the relative directions of the current through the armature and field-magnets reversed. 'As a result by the mere movement of the lever to the two difi'erent positions the motor can be driven in op osite directions and at one speed in one irection and a different speed in the opposite direction.

The invention also consists in providing an arrangement .whereby the lever when in its neutral position will place the motor or at least the motor-armature in a closed circuit through a resistance ,so that thereby the motor is converted into a generator and acts as a dynamic brake to check its own motion.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram of the circuits and controller when applied to a series-wound motor. Fig. 2 is a similar diagram showing the arrange ment applied to a compound-wound motor.

In Fig. 1 is shown a diagram of a motor system employing a series wound motor, which will be driven from a multiple-voltage circuit, the same comprising mains 21, 22, 23, and 24, connected to a suitable source of electric energy and in such a manner that the difference in potential between mains 21 and 22 is forty volts, between mains 22 and isone hundred and twenty volts, and between niains 28 and 24 is eighty volts. As a consequence the difference in potential between mains 21 and 24 is two hundred and forty volts. My system is so arranged that for the high speed the motor is supplied with two hundred and forty volts-that is, connected to the mains 21 and 24, whereas for the slow speed the motor is supplied from the mains 23 and 24 and as a consequence receives only eighty volts.

The mot0r-- armature is shown at 25 and the field a The controller is provided with a contact 29, which is connected to the main 23 by a conductor 3C,and also with a. contact 31, which'is connected to 'the main- 21 by acon'ductor 32. Thesetwo'maihcomtacts' 29. and are arranged on'bpposite, sides of the middle of thej-controller-board and will be respectively engaged by the lever-switch 33 when in its opposite positions. Arranged adjacent to the main con-' 'tacts 29 and 31 are the armature-contacts 34 and 35, respectively, the former being connected by a'conductor 36 to the one armaturebrush 37,. while the latter is connected, by

means of i the conductors 38, to the other armature-brush -39. The armature-contact 3 4 is solocated with reference to the main contact 29 'that it will be connected thereto by the lever-switch 33 in one of its working positions, while the armature-contact is so located with reference to the main contact .31 that it will be connected thereto by said lever-switch when in its otherworking position." v

- The main 24 is connected, by means of a conductor 40',-to one terminal 41 of the motor field. The opposite terminal 42 of the field is connected, by means of a conductor 43',- with resistance-contacts 44 and 45,- arranged in two groups on opposite sides of the mid- .dle of the controller board, which contacts hereinafter will be referred to .as the fieldcontacts. Arranged adjacent to'each group- .of these fielcl-cont'acts are" the companion contacts 46 and-47,.respectively, the former. .of which is permanently connected-, by means 'ofa conductor '48, to the armature-contact 34- and' the latter of which-is permanently connected, by means of a conductor 49,.to the.

armature-contact 3'5.

The contacts and connections so far de scribed are sufficient for securing. the slow" speed of the motor and the quick reverse" speed. The dynamic brake is applied in the" following way: On the neutral line of the controller-board and on the bottom thereof is a contact 50, ,perni'anently' connected'to the'armature-contact 35, and which in turn .is in permanent electrical connection with the armature-brush 39. Located in proximityto this, so as to be bridged by the lever-- switch while inits neutral position, is a -com-.

panion contact 51, which is permanently connected, by means of the conductor 52, with the field-contacts, 44.

permanent electrical connection with f the contact 46, which in turn is in permanent On the upper side of} the board is located a contact 53, which is in' seems i for the motor.- The lever-switch 33eis pivoted' centrally of the various contacts described and is" arranged to be moved into two'workingpositions, aswell as in a neutral I positionxvln one working sition it will connect the cont-acts 2 9 and 4 and 45 and 47. In the: other working position" it Will while in its neutralposition it will bridge the contacts'50 and 51 and5'3 'and'54. It hasno pther positions, and consequ en'tly the mo've- .bridgethe contacts 31 and 35 and 44 and 46,

ments-there'ofiare'very simple, which will pre- I vent coniusi-onon. the part-of the operator; I

a When the controller-lever is inthe-position to bridge terminals 29 and 34 and 45 and 47 the motor will be driven in one direction, the

current being-then supplied to the motor- J from the mains 23 and 24, so that. the motor receives eighty volts only, In this, position of the lever-switch the course of the current isas follows': From the main- 24 by means of conductor 40 to the terminal 41 of the motor field, through said field and outby ter-g.

minal 42, thence ,by'condu'c tor 43 to the field-contacts 44 of the controller board, from'these to the contacts '45, thence'through -tl1e.lever.-switch to the-companion contact I 47, thence by. means of conductor 49 to conductor 38, tothe armature-brush 39, through the armature-winding and out by the arma the lsar'ne'is supplied. with current vfrom the. conductors 2?; and 24. As the difl'erence-in" potentialbetween these two conductors is .'eigh'ty,'it is apparent that the motor will be driven-at aslow speedQ To reverse the motor, the I controller-lever .95.- ture brush' 37, thence by conductor- 36to; 'condi1ct0'ri48, to the armature-contact 34,. vthencethroughthe lever-switch to themain contact 29, and. thence by conductor 30 to the main 23. I-twill be seen that in this position the lever oo'ntroller connects the field:

and armaturexof the motor in series and that will be quickly moved to its opposite work-1 4 ing position-, in which it bridges contacts 31 and 35 44 and 46. V In this position the circuit-will be from the main 24 by means of conductor40 to the motor-field and through said field in the'samel direction as in the opposite position of the controller-lever. From the field'th'e current passes by means of conductor to the" fikeld-contacts 44 thence through' 'thelever-switch to the companion contact 46, thenoeby conductor 48 to conductor 36-, to the, armature-brush 3-7, thence .ithroughl said armature and out by the brush '39, thusftraversing'said armature in the oppositedirection'froni which it did when the lever-switch its opposite position.

From brush 39- the current passes, by means offconductors38' an 49, .to the armaturecontact 35, thence'through the lever-switch to p the main contact 31, and through the conductor32 to the main 21. As a resultthe motor-fieldand armature will be connected .said brush by in series; but the current through the armature will be reversed with reference to its direction when the switch was in the opposite position. Consequently the motor will be driven in the opposite direction. It will also receive its current from the mains 21 and 24, the difference of potential of which is two hundred and forty volts, so that the motor will be driven at a materially higher speed than inits opposite direction.

Inasmuch as the motor is running at a very high reverse speed, damage might result if the switch were moved rapidly over to the opposite working pesition, so as to reverse the motor. Consequently I apply a dynamic brake at this point, this brake being applied by moving the controller-lever to its neutral position, so that it will bridge con tacts and 51 and 53 and 54. In this position of the lever-switch the mains will be entirel cut out and the motor will be placed in c osed circuit and through the field resistance 440i the controller. In this position of the lever the circuit, be inning with the armature-brush 39, is as foIlows: From means of the conductors 38 and 49 to contact contact 50, thence through the lever-switch to contact 51, through conductor 52 to the field-contacts 44, passing through said resistance, which can be varied by connecting the end of the conductor 52 to diflerent ones of the field-contacts 44. From the contacts 44 the circuit is by means of conductor 43 to the field-terminal 42, through said field and out at the terminal 41, thence by conductors 40 and to the contact 54, thence through the lever-switch to contact 53, thence to contact 46, through'conductors 4S and 36 to the opposite. armature-brush 37,- and through said armature to the brush 39, which is the point of beginning. In this way the motor field and armature are in a closed circuit through the resistance 44, and as a conseuence said motor willbecome a generator and will thus be quickly and smoothly brought to a stop.

In Fig. 2 is shown a compound-wound motor for securing the same result. This motor is provided not only with the series held 26, but also with the shunt-field 56, which shunt-field has its one terminal 57 connected, by means of a conductor 58, to the conductor 32, leading to the main 21, and its opposite terminal 59, connected by a conductor to the conductor 40, connected to the main 24. The cont-acts on the controllerboard are in general arranged the same as in Fig. 1 the ditlerence being the contacts 53 and Stand conductor 55' are omitted. r. lso the conductor 52, leading from contact 51 in-. stead of. being connected to the field-resistance contacts 44,'as in Fig. 1, is connected to the co'nductor36 and is provided with an external variable-resistance device 61. With magnets being in series and 35, thence to the brakingthis arrangement current is always flowing through the shunt-field 56, because said field is permanently connected by means of theconduetors 53 and 60 to the mains 21 and 24.

When the lever-controller is moved to the position to bridge contacts 29 and 34 and 4'7 and 45, the course of the current is exactly the same as with the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, the motor-armature and series fieldbeing supplied irom the mains 2 3 and 24 w'th a current of eighty volts, while the shunt-magnets of the motor are supplied directly from the mains 2 1 and 24 with a current of two hundred andforty volts. The motor in this osition of the switch will, however, be driven at its slow speed.

When the lever-switch is moved to its opposite working position-that is, bridging the contacts 31 and 35 and 44 and 46the current also will follow the same course as with the modification shown in Fig.1. In this position of the switch the shunt-field will be suppled directly from the mains 21 and 24 at two hundred and forty volts and the series held and armature also will be supplied from the same mains, and' as a consequence the motor will be driven in the reverse direction and at the high speed.

When the lever is moved to its neutral 5 position, it will bridge the contacts 50 and 51. In this position the current coming from the armature-brush 39 passes, by means of conductors 38 and 49, to contact 35, thence to contact 50, thence through the 100 lever-switch to contact 51 thence by means of conductor 52 through the resistance device 61 to the conductor 36, and by means of the same to the op osite armature-brush. 37. The field 26 in this modification is not placed 105 in series with the armature, as is the case in the'arrangement shown in Fig. 1, but the armature "itself is placed in closed circuit through the resistance 61. The shunt-magnets bein mains wilI give a sufficient held to produce the generating effect. The resistance 61 in this case takes the place of the field-resistance 44 of the other modification.

It will thus be seen that either a series- 115 wound. or a com ound-wound motor can he employed and t lat by means of the contact arrangement shown a simple lever-switch can be employed for connecting said motor to mains of different voltage, so as to drive the motor in one direction at a slow speed and, in the opposite direction at a higher speed, and also to place the motor, or at least the motorarmature, in a closed circuit, so that the motor will act as a generator, and thus produce a braking eiiect.

That I claim is- 1 In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit connected thereto, and means for- 1 0 permanently connected to the no changing the motor connections from a circuit of high voltage to a circuit of low voltage, and vice versa, whenever the direction of rotation of the motor is changed.

2. In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor having a series field,

of a multiple-voltage circuit connected to I said motor, and means for changing the mowith the relative direction of the current through the motor field and armature reversed.

\ 4. In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor having. a series field,

of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, and a controller connecting said motor and circuit and mounted to assume two positions, said 7 controller being'arranged so that when in one 39' position it will connect the motor to a circuit of one voltage, and in another position it will connect the motor to a circuit of different voltage, and with the relative direction of the current through themotor field and armaturereversed. i

'5. In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, and a controller interposed between said motor. and circuit and comprising a lever-switch mounted to assume two positions and so arranged. that in one position it will connect the motor to a circuit 01 one voltage and in another position it will connect the motor to a circuit of a different voltage and with the relative direction of the current through the motor field and armature reversed.

6. In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor,-a controller connecting said motor and circuit, said controller being so arranged that when in one working position it will connect the motor to a circuit of one voltage, and in another working position it will connect the motor to a circuit of different voltage and with the relative direction of the current through the motor field and armature reversed, and a brake operated by said controller when in its neutral position.

7. In an electric-motor system, the com bination with a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, and a controller between said motor and circuit, said controller comprising a lever-switch mounted to-move in a single plane and to assumetwo working po of one voltage,@ and in its other working position it will connect the motor to a circuit of different voltage and with the relative direction of thecurrent through the'motor field and armature reversed, and inits neutral position it will place the motor-armature in a closed circuit.

8. In an electric-motor system, the combination Witha motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, a lever-controller interposed between said motor and circuit, said controller comprising a lever mounted to move in a single plane and to assume two working positions and a neutral position, the ar' rangement being such that in one working position it will connect the motor to a circuit of one voltage, and in the other working position it will connect the motor to a circuit of different voltage and with the relative direcition of the current through the field and ar mature reversed, and in its neutral position it will place the motor-armature in a closed circuit, and a resistance in said closed circuit.

9. In an electric-motor system, the com bination with a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, and a controller interposed .bctween said motor and circuit and comprising a lever-switch mounted to move in a single plane and to assume two working positions and a neutral position, the arrangement being such that said lever in one Working position will connect the motor to a circuit of one voltage, and in the other Working position it will connect the motor to acircuit of a different voltageand with the relative direction of the current through the field and armature reversed, and in the neutral position it will connect the motor field and armature in series and place the same in a closed circuit. l

' 10. In an electric-motor system, the com- I IIO one voltage and with the field and armature in series and so that the current traverses both field and armature in the same direction, and in the other position of the lever the motor will be connected to a circuit of a difi'erent voltage and with the field and ar mature in series but so that the current traverses the same in. opposite directions.-

11. In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, and a controller in said c1rcuit, the same comprising a lever-switch arranged to assume two working positions and a neutral position and bridge contacts in all is? same two working positions and a neutral popositions, said contacts being so arranged that in one position of, the lever the motor will be connected to a circuit of one voltage iand zwith 1 the; current traversing both the field'yand-armature in the same direction, and imtheothcr working position the motor will be'connected to a circuit of a different velta and so that the current traverses the fie d and armature in opposite directions, and in the neutral osition the motor armature will be placed in a closed circuit.

. 12. In an electric-motor system, the combination with a motor, of a multiple-volta e' circuit therefor, a controller in said circuit, t e same comprising alever-switch arranged to assition and bridge contacts in all positions, said contacts be' so arranged thatin one position of the lever-t e motor will be connected to a circuit of one voltage and with the current traversing both the field and armature in the 'sarne 'iiirection, and in the other working po- 'tion of the lever the motor will be connect- 1 die a circuit of different voltage and so that .5-

the current traverses the field and armature in opposite directions, and in the neutral pot's'ition of the lever the motor-armature will be laced in a closed circuit, and a resistance evice in said closed circuit.

'13. In an electric-motor system, the combination of a motor, of a multiple-voltage circuit therefor, and a controller in said circuit and comprisin a lever-switch arranged to assume two wor ing positions and a neutral position'and to bridge contacts in all positions, said contacts being so arranged t at in one position of the lever the motor will be connected to a circuit of one voltage and so that the current traverses both the field and armature in the same direction, and in the otherworking position of the lever the motor will be connected to a circuit of a different voltage and so that the current traverses the field and armature in opposite directions,

and in the neutral position of the lever th motor field and armature will be placed in series and in a closed circuit.

14. A motor-controller for a multiple-voltage circuit, the same comprising a leverswitcharranged to assume two positions and to bridge contacts in both positions, said contacts com rising two main contacts one to be connecte to a main of one voltage and the other to admin of another voltage, a pair of contacts to be connected to the o posite terminals of the motor-armature an one there of in proximity to each main contact and arranged to be connected to the same by the lever-switch in its two ositions, a pair of field-contacts permanent y connected to each other and adapted to be connected to the motor-field, a companion contact in proximity to each field-contact and arranged to be connected thereto by the lever in its two positions, and permanent connections between each of the armature-contacts and one of the companion field-contacts. V

15. A motor-controller for a multiple-voltage circuit, said controller comprising a lever-switch arranged to assume two workin positions and a neutral braking position and to bridge contacts in all of said positions, said contacts comprising two main contacts one to be connected to a main of one voltage and the other to a main of another voltage, a pair of contacts to be connectedto the oppo site terminals of the motor-armature and one thereof in proximity to each main contact and arranged to be connected to the same by the lever in its two working positions, a air of field-contacts ermanently connecte to each other and to e connected to the motorfield, a companion contact'located in proximity to each field-contact and arranged to be connected thereto by the lever in its two working positions, permanent connections between each of the armature-contacts and one of the companion field-contacts, a pair of contacts arranged to be bridged by the lever in its neutral position, one of said contacts to be connected to one armature-terminal, and the other of said contacts to be connected to the other armature-terminal.

16. A motor-controller for a multiple-voltage circuit said controller comprising a lever-switcharranged to assume two workin positions and a neutral braking osition and to bridge contacts in all of said positions, said contacts comprising two main contacts one to be connected to a main of one voltage and the other to a main of another voltage, a

pair of contacts to be connected to the o posite terminals of the motor-armature an one thereof in proximity to ,each main contact and arranged to be connected to the same by the lever in its two working ositions, a air of field-contacts ermanent y connecte to each other andto e connected to the motorfield, a companion contact located in proximity to each field-contact and arranged to be connected thereto by the lever in its two working positions, permanent connections between each of the armature-contacts and one of the companion field-contacts, a pair of contacts arranged to be bridged by the lever in its neutral position, one of said contacts to be connected to one armature-terminal, a conductor for connecting the other of said contacts to the other armature-terminal, and a resistance device in said conductor.

17. A motor-controller for a multiple-voltage circuit, said controller comprising a lever-switch arranged to assume two working positions and a neutral braking position an of contacts to be connected to the op osite terminals of the motor-armature an one thereof in proximity to each main contact the motor-armature and one contact of the x5 and arranged to be-connected to the same by other pairto be connected to the op osite the lever in its two Working positions, a air terminal of the motor-armature, an the 9 of field-contacts permanent y connecte to other contact of the one pair to be connected" each other and to be connected-tothe motorto one terminal of the motor-field and the field, a companion contact located in proximother contact of the other pair to be'connect- 2'0 ity to eachv field-contact and arranged to be ed to the other terminal] of the motor-field. connected thereto by the lever in its two In testimony whereof I, the said GEORGE {)Trking gpo'siticnsia permanent connection; BAEHR, have hereunto set my hand.

tween each 0 t e armature-contacts an one of thecompanion field contactsg two GEORGE BAEHR' pairs of contacts arranged to-be bridged by Witnesses:

. the lever in its neutral position, one contact ROBERT C. TOTTEN,

of one pair to be connected to one terminal of G. KREMER. 

